Material & Processing Library

Processing prioritiesDistinguish graphitized particles from agglomerates formed after coating. Deagglomeration should preserve the coating; shaping trials should compare tap density, fines and yield.

Equipment and process selectionImpact or jet milling controls feed size, shaping changes morphology, and classification separates grades. Not every line needs all three: compare configurations using target shape, added fines and mass balance.

Trial inputsOrigin, heat treatment/coating, feed size and morphology, ash, volatiles, target grade, tap-density requirements and acceptable fines.

Processing prioritiesHigh-softening-point and conventional grades have different processing windows. Establish softening and wall adhesion before choosing feed size, gas temperature and powder flow targets.

Equipment and process selectionAssess impact milling for larger feed and jet routes for temperature rise and fineness. Cooling, atmosphere and protection depend on material properties and trials; specialized powders such as sulfur require a dedicated system assessment.

Trial inputsComposition, softening/melting range, thermal stability, additives, moisture, allowed heating, target grade and dust data.

Processing prioritiesFor coatings, control coarse particles and agglomerates while checking slurry dispersion. Any heated-gas or steam route must also be assessed for phase, moisture and surface-property changes.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesRetain pore structure while controlling particle size. Compare surface area, new fines and particle integrity before and after milling; size alone does not establish electrochemical performance.

Equipment and process selectionCompare classification and gentle deagglomeration first; add grinding only when solid particles must be smaller. Select jet, classifier or laboratory equipment using structure, function and recovery together.

Trial inputsBulk density, pores or surface area, feed grade, moisture, intended use, allowable structural change and combustible-dust data where relevant.

Processing prioritiesSeparate soft-agglomerate dispersion from primary-particle fracture. Use mixing uniformity, moisture and contamination limits as inputs; precursor processing and finished-cathode milling are distinct tasks.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesSpecify chemistry, coating and single-crystal or polycrystalline morphology. Match deagglomeration intensity to secondary-particle strength and assess changes caused by moisture exposure.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesDefine carbon-coating condition, agglomerate strength and residual-moisture targets. Combining drying and milling requires joint verification of moisture, temperature and product performance.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesSet size targets for blending and reaction, with limits for coarse particles, moisture and foreign metals. Compare impact and jet routes using whole-system energy and collection recovery.

Equipment and process selectionUse jet milling to assess fineness and contamination control, and classification when the main particle population is already suitable. Laboratory trials establish contact compatibility and the minimum useful intensity.

Trial inputsComposition, phase, purity grade, feed size and agglomeration, target distribution, impurity limits, temperature and cleaning requirements.

Processing prioritiesControl moisture uptake, caking and carbonation. Assess enclosed feeding, controlled atmosphere and sealed collection together with contact-material compatibility and gas dew point.

Equipment and process selectionSelect the mill together with dry-gas, temperature-control and collection systems. Closed-loop or inert gas does not automatically solve moisture problems; assess dew point, phase retention and stable operation.

Trial inputsChemical form, free/bound water, moisture uptake, acceptable temperature, caking strength, gas dew point, target moisture and packaging conditions.

Processing prioritiesEvaluate sintered agglomerates, coating retention and dispersibility. Check size distribution and batch consistency rather than transferring LFP settings unchanged.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesLimit primary-particle damage during post-calcination deagglomeration. Assess closed milling and collection against nickel content, washing/drying condition, surface residues and moisture requirements.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesEstablish whether the task is breaking sintered lumps or dispersing secondary-particle agglomerates. Compare coating integrity, added fines and metal contamination while preserving the intended morphology.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesEvaluate spheroidization and fines removal separately using microscopy, tap density and a product/fines mass balance. Flake-preserving applications should not default to spheroidization.

Equipment and process selectionImpact or jet milling controls feed size, shaping changes morphology, and classification separates grades. Not every line needs all three: compare configurations using target shape, added fines and mass balance.

Trial inputsOrigin, heat treatment/coating, feed size and morphology, ash, volatiles, target grade, tap-density requirements and acceptable fines.

Processing prioritiesSmaller particles do not necessarily improve pore structure. Evaluate pore volume, surface area and end-use requirements, prioritizing agglomerates and coarse particles over excessive grinding.

Equipment and process selectionCompare classification and gentle deagglomeration first; add grinding only when solid particles must be smaller. Select jet, classifier or laboratory equipment using structure, function and recovery together.

Trial inputsBulk density, pores or surface area, feed grade, moisture, intended use, allowable structural change and combustible-dust data where relevant.

Processing prioritiesDistinguish coated particles, composite particles and sintered agglomerates. Deagglomeration should preserve carbon layers and composite structure while assessing added fines, oxygen content and dispersion.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesSpecify the silicon-oxide phase, carbon coating and pretreatment. Compare gentle deagglomeration or classification with surface and moisture changes; SiOC ceramics are not automatically the same feedstock.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesProvide phase identity, carbon-composite condition and moisture. Target controlled deagglomeration, uniform blending and enclosed collection; milling does not replace synthesis or phase control.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesFocus on carbon coating, hard agglomerates and containment of vanadium-bearing dust. Assess deagglomeration by size analysis and microscopy; electrode testing is needed to evaluate battery performance.

Equipment and process selectionCompare jet and mechanical equipment for deagglomeration intensity and use classification to control size tails. Where coatings or secondary particles must survive, verify morphology before scaling throughput; start with laboratory equipment where needed.

Trial inputsChemistry, phase/grade, coating, agglomerate and primary-particle size, target D10/D50/D90, moisture, metal limits and atmosphere requirements.

Processing prioritiesIdentify coke, graphite or porous-carbon feedstock before deciding on grinding, deagglomeration or shaping. Ash, volatiles and morphology are essential route-selection inputs.

Equipment and process selectionUnidentified or complex feedstocks start with technical assessment. Laboratory platforms compare candidate routes; production equipment follows once properties, handling scope and measurement methods are established.

Trial inputsAccurate identity, composition/safety data, origin, moisture, thermal and dust properties, feed size, end use and acceptance methods.

Processing prioritiesDistinguish hard calcined particles from soft agglomerates. Ceramic grades require control of iron contamination and coarse tails; polishing grades also require checks for foreign particles and scratching.

Equipment and process selectionAssess jet mills, classifiers and wear-resistant materials together. Hardness alone does not establish a model or zero-contamination claim; choose using grade yield, impurity testing and component wear.

Trial inputsChemical/mineral composition, hardness/density, feed lump size, coarse limit, angularity or shape targets and impurity limits.

Processing prioritiesControl coarse particles and changes in oil absorption while monitoring surfaces. Match temperature to material stability and distinguish thermal changes from simple size reduction.

Equipment and process selectionUse jet milling to assess fineness and contamination control, and classification when the main particle population is already suitable. Laboratory trials establish contact compatibility and the minimum useful intensity.

Trial inputsComposition, phase, purity grade, feed size and agglomeration, target distribution, impurity limits, temperature and cleaning requirements.

Processing prioritiesMany tasks concern soft agglomerates and stable dosing rather than destruction of aggregate structure. Compare dispersion, bulk density and dust recovery, including combustible-dust properties.

Equipment and process selectionCompare classification and gentle deagglomeration first; add grinding only when solid particles must be smaller. Select jet, classifier or laboratory equipment using structure, function and recovery together.

Trial inputsBulk density, pores or surface area, feed grade, moisture, intended use, allowable structural change and combustible-dust data where relevant.

Processing prioritiesSpecify compound, grade and use. Control hard agglomerates and coarse particles, and assess contact-material contamination where high-purity formulations are intended.

Equipment and process selectionUse jet milling to assess fineness and contamination control, and classification when the main particle population is already suitable. Laboratory trials establish contact compatibility and the minimum useful intensity.

Trial inputsComposition, phase, purity grade, feed size and agglomeration, target distribution, impurity limits, temperature and cleaning requirements.

Processing prioritiesFibre length and particle size are not equivalent. Consider cutting and moisture conditioning before comparing fibre morphology, flow and batch uniformity after impact milling.

Equipment and process selectionAssess impact mills after pre-cutting and air classification for final grading. Long fibres cannot be specified by powder D-values alone; trials also require fibre length and feed-stability checks.

Trial inputsSpecies/composition, plant part, fibre length, moisture, pre-cut size, foreign matter and target powder/fibre requirements.